Dennisville Historic District
The Dennisville Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Portions of the content on this web page were adapted from a copy of the original nomination document. [‡] .
The Dennisville Historic District is a superbly preserved 19th century village and remains essentially as it had developed by the late 19th century. Although it has had a long tradition of maritime history, the shipbuilding on Dennis Creek and the cedar shingle mining in the swamps no longer survive, but Dennisville continues to reflect the tastes and traditions of the ship captains and boat builders who made their homes in the village. This is the finest 19th century maritime related village in Cape May County.
Confined to a traditional format of 1 and 2 story frame structures, most of the buildings in Dennisville can be defined as either vernacular Traditional or vernacular Victorian in form and style, dating from the mid-18th century to the last decade of the 19th century. The overall level of maintenance is excellent. Together with the simple and tasteful landscaping of the yards, the tree-lined roadways, and the occasional wooden fences, Dennisville is a fine portrayal of conservative 19th century architecture and design.
The Dennisville Historic District is of historical importance because of the ship building and cedar mining activities which took place here in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The prosperity generated by these two industries fostered the capital and divergent population necessary to produce its most significant historic characteristic — its architecture.
The small residential settlement of Dennisville provides a clear progression of the cultural history and development of the area. A steady evolution of the life styles and changing trends are shown through the architecture. Dennisville harbors examples of the vernacular styles of architecture from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries including samples of Colonial Revival, Federal, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne periods of architectural styles.
The sea captains were influential in introducing contemporary architectural styles. Their homes were fine examples of vernacular architecture, and helped to supply the area with some gifted builders in the form of ship chandlers. The two most prominent ship chandlers were William Armstrong and Frank Bushell. They both came from Dennis Creek, as Dennisville was known until 1854.
Present Dennisville is the best example of a nineteenth century maritime village in Cape May County. There is a mixture of old residences within the Dennisville Historic District, all of wood frame construction. This mixture creates a well-preserved nineteenth century maritime village.
Dennisville contains a historical archaeological site. The site is the location of a former saw mill, built in 1812, and destroyed by a storm in 1909. The saw mill supplied much of the lumber and cedar mined from the area, which was used in construction of both local buildings and ships for which Dennis Creek was noted. The only visible remains left on the site is the mill dam which still controls the water level of Dennis Lake. The dam is now topped by a bridge constructed in 1928, over which Route 47 crosses.
Dennisville has educational and religious historical structures. The Academy, built around 1830, was the first grammar school in Dennisville. The first floor was used for the school, while the second floor was a lyceum used for religious meetings. When the building was no longer used as a school, it became the town library until 1970. The Dennisville United Methodist Church, built in 1870, was the first Methodist Church in the county.
Dennisville Historical Background
Eighteenth century accounts of Dennisville are limited. Known as Dennis Creek prior to the mid-19th century, land deeds indicate the Ludlam family owned substantial holdings in the area before and after 1750. Property assessments for Upper Precinct (Upper Township, Dennis Township, Ocean City, and Sea Isle City) in 1774 record less than 140 families in the entire region. Over twenty of these inhabitants lived in the Dennis Creek area. David Johnson and Thomas Ludlam were co-owners of a saw mill near the village. There were only two other saw mills identified. Thomas Gandy was the only merchant cited.
A decade later, just following the American Revolution, there were only 187 assessed properties, twenty-six in the Dennis Creek area. Again, David Johnson owned a saw mill; now possibly in partnership with Richard Stevenson.
The first settlement at Dennisville was on the south side of Dennis Creek in 1726 by Anthony Ludlam. Ludlam's brother, Joseph, founded what is today the main settlement on the north side of the creek a few years later. The town owed its early success primarily to its strategic location and fine port facilities. Ideally situated for regional trade, Dennisville eventually became the leading port of Cape May County and, for a number of years, the busiest south of Camden. In the 19th century Dennisville was one of the leading commercial centers in the region as well as one of south Jersey's foremost shipbuilding sites. For over a century shipbuilding was one of the major economic underpinnings in southern New Jersey and a significant factor in the region's cultural development. Dennisville (or Dennis Creek as the town was known until 1854) was the most active center in this industry, though unfortunately there is little physical evidence of it still remaining.
With commercial success as a trading and shipping center and with a well-established industrial base in shipbuilding, the town soon attracted other Pinelands based industries. Lumbering and cedar mining became important local activities. At the turn of the century thousands of cords of wood were shipped yearly to Philadelphia to heat homes and millions of board feet of lumber were eventually shipped throughout the Mid Atlantic area to be used in construction. According to Charles Tomlin (Cape May Spray, 1913), Independence Hall was roofed at the turn of the century with cedar shingles mined in Cape May County and probably shipped via the port of Dennisville.
Perhaps the best indication of the town's regional significance in the 19th century is that it very nearly became the county seat of Cape May. In a public referendum in 1848 Dennisville lost out to Cape May Court House by a scant 89 votes. Its importance as a commercial center and port declined drastically in the 20th century, but the Dennisville Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places remains as an accurate reflection of that thriving past.
References
Barber, John and Henry Howe, Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey, S. Tutle, New York, 1844.
Stevens, Lewis T., The History of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape May City, 1897.
Weiss, Harry B. & Grace M. Weiss, Some Early Industries of New Jersey, New Jersey Agricultural Society, Trenton, N.J., 1965.
Beesley, Dr. Maurice, "Sketch of the Early History of the County of Cape May", in Geology of the County of Cape May, State of New Jersey. Trenton, N.J., 1857.
Boyer, George F. and J. Pearson Cunningham. Cape May County Story Book I; Old Cape May County. Laureate Press, Egg Harbor City, N.J., 1975.
Cape May County Magazine of History and Genealogy. Published annually by the Cape May County Historical & Genealogical Society, Cape May Court House, N.J., 1st edition June 1931.
Cape May County Historical Museum. Index and Reference Library, Cape May Court House, N.J.
Fitzpatrick, Helena Way. "Some Old Houses of Cape May County". The Leader, 1951.
Hand, Albert. "A Book of Cape May". Albert Hand Co., Cape May, N.J., 1937.
Historical and Biographical Atlas of the New Jersey Coast". Proposed, arranged and illustrated by T.F. Rose, Surveys by H.C. Woolman, History and Statistics by T.T. Price, M.D.: Woolman & Rose Pub., 1878.
Holland, John J. Cape May County Planning Board Reports.
Hunter, William Garrison. A History of Education in Dennis Township, Cape May County, N.J. 1664-1964, 1965.
Howe, Rev. Paul Sturtevant. Mayflower Descendants in Cape May County 1620-1920. Cape May, N.J. 1921.
Mathewson, Craig, D. Jr. Post Offices and Postmasters of Cape May County, N.J. 1802-1970. Laureate Press, 1970.
Map of the County of Cape May. William Kitchell, Geologist Commenced 8/20/1855; Finished 2/13/1856.
Atlas Sheet No. 37 Geological Survey of N.J. Henry B. Kummel, State Geologist, C.C. Vermeule, Topographer "Original Survey 1884, Principal Features Revised 1905."
Beer's Atlas of Cape May County Published by Beers, Comstock & Cline New York 1872.
Bacon, A.T. Collected papers on file Cape May County Historical Society. Cape May Court House, N.J., n.d.
Gordon, Thomas F. Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey. Daniel Fenton. Trenton, 1834.
Hartman, Charles. Collected Papers on file Rutgers University Library. New Brunswick, n.d.
Heston, Alfred M. (Ed.) South Jersey; A History (Vol. II) Lewis Historical Publishing Co. New York, 1924.
‡ Patrick W. O'Connor and Michael W. Timpanara, Cultural Resource Specialists, New Jersey Pinelands Commission; Jane Dixon, County Planner, Cape May County Planning Board; Terry Karschner, Historic Preservation Specialist, Office of New Jersey Heritage; Dennisville Historic District, Cape May County, New Jersey, nomination document, 1987, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, Washington, D.C.
Nearby Neighborhoods
Street Names
Academy Road • Church Road • Delsea Drive North • Fidler Road • Gatzmer Avenue • Hall Avenue • Main Street • Petersburg Road • Route 47
